Table 2 Habitat zones in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas, and some characteristic woody taxa with ethnobotanical records found within associated habitat zones (Adapted from [21, 53])
From: Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas
Habitat Zone | Forest Type | Some characteristic taxa with ethnobotanical records | |
|---|---|---|---|
Tropical (<1000Â m) | (i) | Tropical riverine evergreen/deciduous Forest | Bombax ceiba, Cycas pectinata, Dalbergia sissoo, |
(ii) | Tropical Moist Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | Dillenia indica, Duabanga grandiflora, Garuga pinnata, | |
(iii) | Tropical Moist Mixed Forest | Lagerstromia speciosa, Mimosa pudica, Shorea robusta | |
(iv) | Tropical Dry Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | ||
Subtropical (1000–2000 m) | (i) | Subtropical Riverine evergreen/Deciduous Forest | Callicarpa arborea, Castanopsis tribuloides, Fraxinus floribunda, |
(ii) | Subtropical Moist Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | Macaranga pustulata, Mangifera sylvatica, Pandanus furcatus, | |
(iii) | Subtropical Moist Mixed Forest | Saurauia nepaulensis, Schima wallichi | |
(iv) | Subtropical Dry Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | ||
Warm Temperate (2000–2500 m) | (i) | Warm Temperate Riverine Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | Alnus nepalensis, Castanopsis tribuloides, Engelhardia spicata, |
(ii) | Warm Temperate Moist Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | Evodia fraxinifolia, Ilex dipyrena, Juglans regia, | |
(iii) | Warm Temperate Moist Mixed Forest | Lithocarpus pachyphyllus, Quercus lamellosa, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium | |
(iv) | Warm Temperate Dry Evergreen/Deciduous Forest | ||
Cool Temperate (2500–3000 m) | (i) | Cool Temperate Riverine Deciduous Forest | Acer caudatum, Betula utilis, Cinnamomum impressinervium |
(ii) | Cool Temperate Moist Evergreen Forest | Cryptomeria japonica, Magnolia lanuginosa, Mahonia sikkimensis, | |
(iii) | Cool Temperate Moist Mixed Forest | Rhododenron arboreum, Quercus lineata | |
(iv) | Cool Temperate Dry Evergreen Forest | ||
Subalpine (3000–4000 m) | (i) | Subalpine Riverine Evergreen Forest | Abies densa, Abies spectabilis, Berberis insignis, Juniperus recurva, |
(ii) | Subalpine Moist Evergreen Forest | Larix griffithiana, Rhododenron barbatum, Rhododendron campanulatum, Taxus wallichiana | |
(iii) | Subalpine Moist Deciduous Forest | Â | |
(iv) | Subalpine Dry Evergreen Forest | ||
Alpine (>4000Â m) | (i) | Alpine Riverine | Juniperus indica, Rhododendron fulgens, Rhododendron nivium |
(ii) | Alpine Meadow | ||
(iii) | Alpine Scrub | ||