Table 1 Medicinal plants listed in Krummhübel herbalist recipes (seventeenth to nineteenth centuries) and their occurrences in manuscripts and regional surveys, including Matthioli [11], Schwenckfeld [3], Mattuschka [12], Kneipp [13], Fischer [14] and Madaus [15]
Krummhübel herbalists, seventeenth to nineteenth centuries | Matthioli (1563) [11] | Schwenckfeld (1607) [3] | Mattuschka (1779) [12]a | Kneipp (1892) [13] | Fischer (1930's) [14]b | Madaus (1938) [15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achillea spp. | + (as Ptarmica) | − | + (as A. millefolium, A. ptarmica) | + | + (mainly as A. millefolium L., rare A. ptarmica L.) | + (as A. ptarmica, A. millefolium*, A. moschata) |
Actaea racemosa L. = Cimicifuga racemosa Nutt. | − | − | − | − | + (as A. spicata L.) | + |
Aloë spp. | + | + (as Aloes Balsam) | − | + | + (as A. succotrina Lam.) | + (many species*) |
Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. = Anacyclus officinarum Hayne | − | − | − | − | − | +* |
Angelica spp. | + (as Angelica maior, A. minor) | + (as A. erratica) | + (as A. syluestris) | + | + (as A. archangelica L., A. sylvestris L.) | + (many species*) |
Artemisia vulgaris L. | + (as Artemisia) | − | + | + | + | +* |
Bellis perennis L. | + (as Bellis minor) | + (as B. minima) | + | − | + | +* |
Carlina acaulis L. | + (as Chamaeleon albus) 261 | + | + | + | + | + |
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl | + (as camphora) | − | − | − | + | +* |
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl | − | − | − | − | + | + (as C. zeylanicum*) |
Citrus × aurantium L. | + | − | − | − | − | +* |
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck | + | − | − | − | − | + (as C. limonum) |
Citrus spp. | + (as Citria malus) | − | − | − | − | + (many other species) |
Cochlearia officinalis L. | − | − | + | + | − | +* |
Commiphora spp. | − | − | − | − | − | + (as C. abyssinica, C. mukul, C. myrrha) |
Copaifera officinalis L. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Coriandrum sativum L. | + (as Coriandrum) | − | − | − | − | + |
Crocus (probably) sativus L. | + (as Crocus florens) | − | − | − | + | − |
Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe | + | − | − | − | − | +* |
Cyanus segetum Hill. = Centaurea cyanus L. | + (as Cyanus minor) | − | + | − | − | +* |
Dictamnus albus L. | + | − | − | − | − | + |
Dorstenia contrajerva L. | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Drimys winteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Echium vulgare L. | + (as Echium) | − | − | − | − | − |
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton | + (as C. minus, C. medium, C. maius) | − | − | − | − | + |
Ferula assa-foetida L. | + (as Ferula = Nathex) | − | − | − | − | +* |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | + (as Foeniculum) | − | − | + | + | +* |
Gentiana spp. | + (as Gentiana minor = cruciata, Gentiana (probably lutea)) | + (as G. major cœruleo flore, G. minor punctato flore) | + (as G. lutea, G. centaurium, G. amarella) | + | + | + (many species*) |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | + (as Glycyrrhiza liquiritia) | − | − | − | − | +* |
Guaiacum officinale L. | + (as Lignum guaiacum) | − | − | − | − | +* |
Guaiacum sanctum L. or G. officinale L. | + (as Lignum guaiacum) | − | − | − | − | − |
Hedysarum spp. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Helleborus niger L. | + | − | + | − | − | +* |
Indigofera spp. | − | − | − | − | − | + |
Inula helenium L. | + (as Elenium) | − | + | − | + | +* |
Juniperus spp. | + (as Juniperus, as Sabina) | + | + (as I. communis) | + | + (as J. communis L.) | + (many species*) |
Laurus nobilis L. | + (as Laurus) | + (as L. Alexandrina Matthioli) | − | + | − | +* |
Lavandula spp. | + | − | − | + | − | +* |
Linum usitatissimum L. | + (as Linum) | − | + | + | + | +* |
Matricaria spp. | + (as Camomilla) | − | + (as M. chamomilla, M. parthenium) | + | + (as M. chamomilla L.) | + (as M. chamomilla*, M. discoidea*) |
Melissa officinalis L. | + (as Melissa) | − | + (as M. calamintha) | + | + | +* |
Mentha aquatica L. var. crispa (L.) Benth. | + (as Mentha aquatica) | − | − | + | + (as Mentha spp.) | + |
Myristica fragrans Houtt. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms | − | − | − | − | − | +* |
Nasturtium officinale R.Br. | + (as Nasturcium aquaticum) | − | − | + | + | +* |
Olea europaea L. | + (as Olea domestica) | − | − | + | − | − |
Ononis spinosa L. | + (as Ononis) | − | + (as O. aruensis) | − | + | +* |
Origanum majorana L. | + (as Maiorana) | − | − | − | − | +* |
Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. = Polygonum bistorta L. | + (as Bistorta) | − | + | − | + | − |
Petasites sp. | + (as Petasites falso dieta) | + | + (as Tussilago petasites) | − | − | + (many species*) |
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss. | + (as Pertoselinum vulgare) | − | − | − | − | + (as P. sativum*) |
Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J. Koch = Imperatoria ostruthium L. | − | − | + | − | − | + |
Pimpinella anisum L. | + (as Anisum) | + (as P. major L. Huds, P. minorcrispa) | − | + | + | +* |
Piper longum L. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Potentilla erecta (L.) Räusch. | + (as Tormentilla) | − | + (as Tormentilla erecta) | − | − | + (as P. tormentilla*) |
Pterocarpus santalinus L. fil. | − | − | − | + | − | − |
Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Pyrus sp. | + | − | − | − | + (as P. communis L.) | + (as P. malus*) |
Rheum rhabarbarum L. | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Rosa spp. | + | + (as R. alpina, R. rubra) | + (as R. canina, R. alba) | + | + | + (many species*) |
Rosmarinus officinalis L. | + (as Rosmarinus coronaria) | + (as R. sylvaticus) | − | + | + | +* |
Sassafras spp. | − | − | − | − | − | +* |
Scabiosa spp. | + (as Scabiosa minor) | − | + (as Scabiosa succisa and S. aruensis) | − | + (as Succisa pratensis Moench = Scabiosa succisa L.) | + (different species*) |
Senna spp. | + (as Sena) | − | − | − | − | +* |
Silene baccifera (L.) Roth = Cucubalus baccifer L. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis = Betonica officinalis L. | + (as Betonica) | − | + | − | + | + |
Styrax spp. | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | − | − | + | + | + (as V. myrtillus L.) | +* |
Veronica spp. | + (as Veronica mas, V. foemina) | + | + (as V. officinalis, V. beccabunga) | + | + | + (many species*) |
Viola spp. | + (as Viola purpurea) | − | + (as V. odorata) | + | + | + (many species*) |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe | + (as Zinziber) | − | − | − | + | +* |
Σ = 72 | Σ = 48 | Σ = 11 | Σ = 25 | Σ = 24 | Σ = 33 | Σ = 55 |